1. Research the topic. There needs to be a lot of information and documents to serve the chosen topic. Books, newspapers, magazines, the internet, and consultation with experts are important sources of information. On the other hand, personal experiences and examples from real life that we have witnessed are also good sources of information. We can use stories, images, and data to illustrate the issues we present. The main quality of a talk is the quality of information it brings to the listener. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study the topic from different angles, be able to point out conflicting opinions on the issue you present, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the opinions and draw conclusions. his argument. This approach will elevate the talk to a higher level than talks that only present one-sided arguments.

Approaching the problem in a multi-dimensional way is also the optimal strategy to deal with reactions and attacks from the audience. On the other hand, the process of researching the topic needs to focus on the points that make the topic stand out, become new, different and valuable. This is especially important when the chosen topic is one that has been talked about by many people and is familiar to the audience.

Language and non-verbal forms of expression. The general requirements of language use are to be specific, clear, precise, and neat. It is necessary to ensure that technical terms, foreign languages or multi-meaning vocabulary are clearly explained and used consistently. Depending on the context, we can use informal language (classroom presentation, youth club) or formal language (report before a conference, sales presentation). Addressing in Vietnamese is also a problem, because Vietnamese is too subtle in using personal pronouns (I, you, nephew, uncle...). An appropriate pronoun must express the speaker's position and not make the listener uncomfortable. Attention should be paid to the volume, speed, and rhythm of the voice. A voice that is clear, has accurate pronunciation, has force, and a rhythm that changes according to the speaking situation is the basis for attracting the listener. Speaking speed can also change, fast at unimportant points, slow - accentuated and stopped at points that need attention or need time for the audience to absorb.

A low, monotone, lifeless voice is an excellent sleeping pill (students jokingly call teachers with this voice "Doctors of Anesthesia"). Besides language, we need to flexibly use non-verbal forms of expression such as eyes and other body movements (hands, movements, facial expressions). Maintaining eye contact with the audience is a technique to gain audience approval. Also in this matter, polite attire and behavior will help us be confident in presentation.

2. Use notes. Except for some cases where it is necessary to speak exact words, such as reading bills before the National Assembly, reading a prepared speech verbatim should be avoided. We can use small pieces of paper to write down the structure and main ideas and use them while speaking, it helps us focus on the main ideas.

Presentation aids. Overhead projectors, multimedia projectors, and software such as Power Point are today very important support tools for a presentation. These media help organize, illustrate, and express the speaker's ideas simply and effectively (we can include images, video clips, tables). However, you should not be too dependent on the device and always have an alternative plan in case there is a problem with the device, software, or data files.

3. Practice. A skill is only perfected when it is practiced many times. Practice many times in front of a mirror or with a loved one. This will help us be confident. Besides, volunteer to speak, speak, and present in all circumstances. It will be hesitant and difficult at first but we will overcome it. Time is a factor to consider when practicing. We need to determine the maximum time we want to speak. One thing is for sure, practice and reality will be different, so it is necessary to have reserved time and reserved content, because inexperienced speakers will either speak beyond the time allowed or end too early.

4. Speech structure and presentation. After the preparation step, we go into designing a talk, as well as an essay, which includes three parts: Introduction, Main Part, and Conclusion.

- Introduction. First impressions are very important and sometimes determine success. The goal of the introduction is to attract attention, introduce the topic, provide a reason why the audience is taking the time to listen to us, and finally introduce the main points that will be said. Experienced speakers agree that a lot of investment is needed to attract the audience's attention. Opening statements like “Today I will talk about ….” are opening statements that do not attract attention. You can open with: a question that doesn't require an answer, a story, a surprising statement, a statistic, or a humorous statement. Creativity is an important requirement of this step. After attracting the audience's attention, you need to introduce the main topic. A good name as mentioned above will make the audience pay attention and remember. Next we need to highlight the importance and why the audience needs to hear us speak.

To start, let's think about ourselves, why it appeals to us and why we want to share it with others. Only when we ourselves see the beauty and beauty of what we want to say can we hope to persuade others. A fairly common reason why students are bored studying a certain subject is because the teacher who teaches that subject also doesn't like that subject. If the teacher doesn't like it, how can he transmit his passion to his students? It may sound strange, but this is very common. At the end of the opening section is the introduction of the main contents to be presented. In some cases, when the audience and the speaker are not acquainted, we need to introduce ourselves, mainly focusing on the characteristics - the reasons why we are trustworthy speakers (Dentist talks about protection oral).

- Main part. This is the main content, it accounts for at least 75% of the information we want to convey. Usually there should only be 3 - 5 main points, too many main points will make the audience tired and unfocused. We can structure main ideas in many different orders such as: according to time, according to space and location (of the event), according to the level of complexity (simple to complex or alternating), according to cause and effect, or according to problem and solution. Depending on the goal and presentation format, the structure is flexible. Around the main ideas we have theories, logic, examples, stories, data, and images to supplement each of these main ideas. Examples, stories, and illustrations need to be typical, specific, and easy to understand. These will highlight our main ideas.

However, if overused, it will dilute the talk. One thing to note is that speaking or presenting in front of a crowd can be a one-way communication process (no interaction like we often see in meetings in Vietnam with long speeches), but The current trend is multi-dimensional interactive communication, which means the listener participates in the speaking or communication process through asking questions or debating, helping to improve the quality of communication and information absorption. When using interactive communication techniques, we have two options: (1) allow the audience to ask questions right during the presentation or (2) have a separate question and answer or debate section later. 

- Conclusion. In this section, we summarize the main ideas presented and draw general conclusions. This part is important for us to re-emphasize the main ideas and this is sometimes what the audience will take home with them. The conclusion should be brief and stick to the main ideas. In this part, we can also introduce and expand the problem and suggest research or thinking directions for the audience. A good talk is one that has specific limits in the main part but opens up vast horizons of knowledge or dreams for the audience at the end.