MỘT SỐ DIỄN ĐẠT BẰNG TIẾNG ANH VỀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU

(Ms Giang)

Trong phần Phương pháp của một luận văn hoặc bài báo nghiên cứu, người viết trình bày về cách thực hiện nghiên cứu. Phần Phương pháp phải rõ ràng và đủ chi tiết cho một người có kinh nghiệm để lặp lại nghiên cứu và tái tạo kết quả.

1. Mô tả các phương pháp đã sử dụng trước đây

To date various methods have been developed and introduced to measure X:
In most recent studies, X has been measured in four different ways.
Traditionally, X has been assessed by measuring….
Different authors have measured X in a variety of ways.
Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on ….
The use of qualitative case studies is a well-established approach in ….
This test is widely available, and has been used in many investigational studies.
Case studies have been long established in X to present detailed analysis of ….
Recently, simpler and more rapid tests of X have been developed.
Radiographic techniques are the main non-invasive method used to determine ….
A variety of methods are used to assess X. Each has its advantages and drawbacks.
Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during ….

2. Đưa ra lý do tại sao một phương pháp cụ thể được chấp nhận hoặc bị từ chối

A case study approach was used to allow a ….
Qualitative methods offer an effective way of ….
A quantitative approach was employed since ….
The design of the questionnaires was based on ….
The X method is one of the more practical ways of ….
The semi-structured approach was chosen because ….
The X approach has a number of attractive features: ….
The second advantage of using the multivariate method is ….
For this study, the X was used to explore the subsurface ….
Smith et al. (1994) identify several advantages of the case study, ….
It was decided that the best method to adopt for this investigation was to ….
The study uses qualitative analysis in order to gain insights into ….
It was considered that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the ….
Many of the distributions were not normal so non-parametric signed rank tests were run.
One advantage of the X analysis is that it avoids the problem of ….
The sensitivity of the X technique has been demonstrated in a report by Smith et al (2011).
However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the use of ….
The main disadvantage of the experimental method is that ….
A major problem with the experimental method is that ….
There are certain problems with the use of focus groups. One of these is that there is less ….

3. Chỉ ra một phương pháp cụ thể

X was prepared according to the procedure used by Patel et al. (1957).
The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of Smith (1973).
X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using

This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by Zhao et al. (1990).
An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using ….
Samples were analysed for X as previously reported by Smith et al. (2012)

4. Chỉ ra các vấn đề hoặc hạn chế

In this investigation there are several sources for error. The main error is ….
Another major source of uncertainty is in the method used to calculate X.
In particular, the analysis of X was problematic.
Further data collection is required to determine exactly how X affects Y.
It was not possible to investigate the significant relationships of X and Y further because the sample size was too small.